IEA：全球电动汽车电池供应链（英文版）.pdf

Global S upply Chains of EV B atteries The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries, 10 association countries and beyond. Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of Türkiye United Kingdom United States IEA association countries: Argentina Brazil China Egypt India Indonesia Morocco Singapore South Africa Thailand Global supply chains of EV batteries Executive Summary Executive summary Global supply chains of EV batteries P AGE | 2 Executive Summary As electric car sales continue to break records, supply chain considerations move to the fore Batteries typically accounts for 30% to 40% of the value of an electric vehicles (EV), and the race to net zero will focus attention on the security of supply of the critical minerals and metals needed to manufacture them. Electric car sales continued to break records in 2021,