Artificial Intelligence_ An Illustrated History_ From Medieval Robots to Neural Networks _Clifford A. Pickover.pdf

BOOKS BY CLIFFORD A. PICKOVER The Alien IQ Test Archimedes to Hawking A Beginner’s Guide to Immortality Black Holes: A Traveler’s Guide The Book of Black Brain Strain: A Mental Muscle Workout That’s Fun! Calculus and Pizza Chaos and Fractals (ed.) Chaos in Wonderland Computers and the Imagination Computers, Pattern, Chaos, and Beauty Cryptorunes: Codes and Secret Writing Death and the Afterlife Dreaming the Future Egg Drop Soup Fractal 3D Magic Future Health (ed.) Fractal Horizons: The Future Use of Fractals (ed.) Frontiers of Scientific Visualization (ed.) The Girl Who Gave Birth to Rabbits The Heaven Virus Jews in Hyperspace Keys to Infinity Liquid Earth The Lobotomy Club The Loom of God The Math Book The Mathematics Devotional The Mathematics of Oz Mazes for the Mind: Computers and the Unexpected The Medical Book The Möbius Strip The Paradox of God and the Science of Omniscience A Passion for Mathematics The Pattern Book: Fractals, Art, and Nature (ed.) The Physics Book The Physics Devotional The Science Book The Science of Aliens Sex, Drugs, Einstein, and Elves Spider Legs (with Piers Anthony) Spiral Symmetry (ed., with Istvan Hargittai) The Stars of Heaven Strange Brains and Genius Surfing through Hyperspace Sushi Never Sleeps Time: A Traveler’s Guide Visions of the Future (ed.) Visualizing Biological Information (ed.) Wonders of Numbers The Zen of Magic Squares, Circles, and Stars ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY From MEDIEVAL ROBOTS to NEURAL NETWORKS CLIFFORD A. PICKOVER STERLING is a registered trademark and the distinctive Sterling logo is a trademark of Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. Text © 2019 Clifford A. Pickover Cover © 2019 Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without prior written permission from the publisher. All trademarks are