《普通化学实验英文教程》.pdf

1 Part 1 General Principles in Chemical Laboratory Chapter 1 Chemical Laboratory Safety Rules Accidents in a chemical laboratory usually are resulted from improper judgment of the victim or one of his/her neighbors. Learn and observe the safety and laboratory rules listed below before starting to do chemical experiments. Precautions (1) Maintain a wholesome, businesslike attitude in the laloratory. Horseplay and other acts of carelessness are prohibited. (2) Never work in the laloratory without the instructor present. This includes setting up equipment. (3) Wear suitable clothing. Wear clothing that will protect you against spilled chemicals or flaming liquids. Hard-soled, covered footwear must be worn in the laboratory at all times —no sandals allowed. (4) Eating, drinking, and smoking are strictly prohibited in the laboratory at all times because of the possibility of chemicals getting into the mouth or lungs through contamination. The chief hazard with smoking is fire or explosion. (5) Know the ways to put out a fire. 2 a) If it is open fire, such as a large chemical spill on a laloratory bench, the correct extinguisher should be used as follows: z Pull the pin. z Point the extinguisher (if dry) or hose (if CO 2) at the base of the fire. z Squeeze the handle while moving the extinguisher back and forth. NOTE: Be careful not to spread the fire by getting the nozzle of the extinguisher too close——the material being emitted is under pressure. b) If it is a small contained fire, such as in a flask or beaker, cover the container with a piece of ceramic, cutting off the supply of oxygen to the fire and thus putting it out. (6) Wash chemicals from skin. a) If you get a chemical burn from a caustic material, i.e. acid or base, immediately wash the burned area with large amount of water. Ask another student to inform the laloratory instructor. b) Wash your hands and face quickly and thoroughly whenever they